| Extensive liquid meltwater storage in firn within the Greenland ice sheet |
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Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet contributes significantly to present sea level rise. High meltwater runoff is responsible for half of Greenland’s mass loss. Surface melt has been spreading and intensifying in Greenland, with the highest ever surface area melt and runoff recorded in 2012. However, how surface melt water reaches the ocean, and how fast it does so, is poorly understood. Firn – partially compacted snow from previous years – potentially has the capacity to store significant amounts of melt water in liquid or frozen form, and thus delay its contribution to sea level. A paper in Nature Geoscience presents direct observations from ground and airborne radar, as well as ice cores, of liquid water within firn in the southern Greenland ice sheet: a firn aquifer.
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The authors find a substantial amount of water in this firn aquifer that persists throughout the winter, when snow accumulation and melt rates are high. This represents a previously unknown storage mode for water within the ice sheet. Using a regional climate model t